Рациональные числа
Смешанные дроби произвольного знака
Ответы к стр. 111
Вычислите (567-571):
567. а) -3 2/5 + (-1 1/5); б) -7 1/3 + (-1 2/3); в) -12 5/7 + (-4 4/7);
г) -3 8/19 + (-1 11/19); д) -4 2/3 + (-1 1/3); е) (-8 2/3) + (-9 2/3).
а) -3 2/5 + (-1 1/5) = -(3 2/5 + 1 1/5) = -(4 + 3/5) = -4 3/5;
б) -7 1/3 + (-1 2/3) = -(7 1/3 + 1 2/3) = -(8 + 3/3) = -(8 + 1) = -9;
в) -12 5/7 + (-4 4/7) = -(12 5/7 + 4 4/7) = -(16 + 9/7) = -(16 + 1 2/7) = -17 2/7;
г) -3 8/19 + (-1 11/19) = -(3 8/19 + 1 11/19) = -(4 + 19/19) = -(4 + 1) = -5;
д) -4 2/3 + (-1 1/3) = -(4 2/3 + 1 1/3) = -(5 + 3/3) = -(5 + 1) = -6;
е) (-8 2/3) + (-9 2/3) = -(8 2/3 + 9 2/3) = -(17 + 4/3) = -(17 + 1 1/3) = — 18 1/3.
568. а) 18 5/9 + (-22 2/9); б) 25 3/4 + (-51 1/4); в) -6 2/9 + 1 2/3;
г) 7 1/12 + (-8 3/4); д) 18 5/6 + (-7 1/2); е) 2 1/5 + (- 4/15).
а) 18 5/9 + (-22 2/9) = 18 5/9 — 22 2/9 = -(22 2/9 — 18 5/9) = -(4 2/9 — 5/9) = -(3 + 11/9 — 5/9) = -(3 + 6/9) = -3 2/3;
б) 25 3/4 + (-51 1/4) = 25 3/4 — 51 1/4 = -(51 1/4 — 25 3/4) = -(26 1/4 — 3/4) = -(25 + 5/4 — 3/4) = -(25 + 2/4) = -25 1/2;
в) -6 2/9 + 1 2/3 = -(6 2/9 — 1 2/3) = -(6 2/9 — 1 2/3) = -(5 2/9 — 2/3) = -(4 + 11/9 — 6/9) = -(4 + 5/9) = — 4 5/9;
г) 7 1/12 + (-8 3/4) = 7 1/12 — 8 3/4 = -(8 3/4 — 7 1/12) = -(1 3/4 — 1/12) = -(1 + 9/12 — 1/12) = — (1 + 8/12) = -1 2/3;
д) 18 5/6 + (-7 1/2) = 18 5/6 — 7 1/2 = 11 5/6 — 1/2 = 11 + 5/6 — 3/6 = 11 + 2/6 = 11 1/3;
е) 2 1/5 + (- 4/15) = 2 1/5 — 4/15 = 1 + 6/5 — 4/15 = 1 + 18/15 — 4/15 = 1 + 14/15 = 1 14/15.
569. а) -3 — 2 1/5; б) -8 + 2/13; в) -7 1/3 — 4; г) 4/17 — 15.
а) -3 — 2 1/5 = -(3 + 2 1/5) = -5 1/5;
б) -8 + 2/13 = -(8 — 2/13) = -(7 + 13/13 — 2/13) = -(7 + 11/13) = -7 11/13;
в) -7 1/3 — 4 = -(7 1/3 + 4) = -11 1/3;
г) 4/17 — 15 = -(15 — 4/17) = -(14 + 17/17 — 4/17) = -(14 + 13/17) = -14 13/17.
570. а) 1 1/3 — 3 2/3; б) 7 2/5 — (-1 1/5); в) -6 3/7 + 1 2/7;
г) 7 2/9 — 9 8/9; д) 4 1/2 — 8 1/3; е) 6 9/10 — 12 1/100;
ж) -4 2/5 — 1 1/2; з) -5 1/3 — 8 2/9; и) -2 1/5 — 14 1/10.
а) 1 1/3 — 3 2/3 = -(3 2/3 — 1 1/3) = -(2 2/3 — 1/3) = -2 1/3;
б) 7 2/5 — (-1 1/5) = 7 2/5 + 1 1/5 = 8 + 3/5 = 8 3/5;
в) -6 3/7 + 1 2/7 = -(6 3/7 — 1 2/7) = -(5 3/7 — 2/7) = -(5 + 3/7 — 2/7) = -(5 + 1/7) = -5 1/7;
г) 7 2/9 — 9 8/9 = -(9 8/9 — 7 2/9) = -(2 8/9 — 2/9) = -(2 + 8/9 — 2/9) = -(2 + 6/9) = -2 2/3;
д) 4 1/2 — 8 1/3 = -(8 1/3 — 4 1/2) = -(4 1/3 — 1/2) = -(3 + 4/3 — 1/2) = -(3 + 8/6 — 3/6) = -(3 + 5/6) = -3 5/6;
е) 6 9/10 — 12 1/100 = -(12 1/100 — 6 9/10) = -(6 1/100 — 9/10) = -(5 + 101/100 — 90/100) = -(5 + 11/100) = -5 11/100;
ж) -4 2/5 — 1 1/2 = -(4 2/5 + 1 1/2) = -(5 + 2/5 + 1/2) = -(5 + 4/10 + 5/10) = -(5 + 9/10) = -5 9/10;
з) -5 1/3 — 8 2/9 = -(5 1/3 + 8 2/9) = -(13 + 1/3 + 2/9) = -(13 + 3/9 + 2/9) = -(13 + 5/9) = -13 5/9;
и) -2 1/5 — 14 1/10 = -(2 1/5 + 14 1/10) = -(16 + 1/5 + 1/10) = -(16 + 2/10 + 1/10) = -(16 + 3/10) = -16 3/10.
571. а) 1/2 — 1/3 + 1/7 — 2 1/3; б) 7/9 — 2/3 — 3 1/6 — 1.
а) 1/2 — 1/3 + 1/7 — 2 1/3 = 1/2 + 1/7 — 1/3 — 2 1/3 = (7/14 + 2/14) — (1/3 + 7/3) = 9/14 — 8/3 = -(8/3 — 9/14) = -(112/42 — 27/42) = — 85/42 = -2 1/42;
б) 7/9 — 2/3 — 3 1/6 — 1 = (7/9 — 2/3) — (3 1/6 + 1) = (7/9 — 6/9) — (19/6 + 6/6) = 1/9 — 25/6 = -(25/6 — 1/9) = -(75/18 — 2/18) = — 73/18 = -4 1/18.
572. Вычислите по образцу:
а) -4 1/2 + 5 3/7 + 4/7 = -4 1/2 + (5 3/7 + 4/7) = -4 1/2 + 6 = 6 — 4 1/2 = 1 1/2;
б) -1 1/3 + 8 1/2 + 1/3; в) 3 2/5 — 7 1/2 + 2 3/5;
г) -5/9 + 2 1/3 + 1 2/3; д) 7/15 — 2 — 1/5.
б) -1 1/3 + 8 1/2 + 1/3 = (-1 1/3 + 1/3) + 8 1/2 = -1 + 8 1/2 = 8 1/2 — 1 = 7 1/2;
в) 3 2/5 — 7 1/2 + 2 3/5 = (3 2/5 + 2 3/5) — 7 1/2 = 6 — 7 1/2 = -(7 1/2 — 6) = -1 1/2;
г) -5/9 + 2 1/3 + 1 2/3 = — 5/9 + (2 1/3 + 1 2/3) = — 5/9 + 4 = 4 — 5/9 = 3 4/9;
д) 7/15 — 2 — 1/5 = (7/15 — 1/5) — 2 = (7/15 — 3/15) — 2 = 4/15 — 2 = -(2 — 4/15) = -1 11/15.
573. Упростите выражение, раскрывая скобки по образцу:
а) 7 1/2 + (3 2/3 — 2 1/2) = 7 1/2 + 3 2/3 — 2 1/2 = 5 + 3 2/3 = 8 2/3;
б) 8 3/5 — (7 1/3 — 11 2/5) = 8 3/5 — 7 1/3 + 11 2/5 = 20 — 7 1/3 = 12 2/3;
в) 5/12 + (1 1/2 — 5/12); г) 2 — (2/5 — 7 1/2);
д) 4 2/7 — (7 1/2 + 4 2/7); е) 9 7/9 — (2 1/2 — 2/9).
в) 5/12 + (1 1/2 — 5/12) = ) 5/12 + 1 1/2 — 5/12 = 0 + 1 1/2 = 1 1/2;
г) 2 — (2/5 — 7 1/2) = 2 — 2/5 + 7 1/2 = 9 1/2 — 2/5 = 9 5/10 — 4/10 = 9 1/10;
д) 4 2/7 — (7 1/2 + 4 2/7) = 4 2/7 — 7 1/2 — 4 2/7 = 0 — 7 1/2 = -7 1/2;
е) 9 7/9 — (2 1/2 — 2/9) = 9 7/9 — 2 1/2 + 2/9 = 10 — 2 1/2 = 7 1/2.
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Ответы по математике. 6 класс. Учебник. Никольский С.М., Потапов М.К., Решетников Н.Н., Шевкин А.В.